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ABSTRACT:
The stability and accuracy of a standard finite element method (FEM)
and a new streamline diffusion finite element method (SDFEM) are
studied in this paper for a one dimensional singularly perturbed
connvection-diffusion problem discretized on arbitrary grids. Both
schemes are proven to produce stable and accurate approximations
provided that the underlying grid is properly adapted to capture the
singularity (often in the form of boundary layers) of the
solution. Surprisingly the accuracy of the standard FEM is shown to
depend crucially on the uniformity of the grid away from the
singularity. In other words, the accuracy of the adapted
approximation is very sensitive to the perturbation of grid points
in the region where the solution is smooth but, in contrast, it is
robust with respect to perturbation of properly adapted grid inside
the boundary layer. Motivated by this discovery, a new SDFEM is
developed based on a special choice of the stabilization bubble
function. The new method is shown to have an optimal maximum norm
stability and approximation property in the sense that
$\|u-u_{N}\|_{\infty}\leq C\inf_{v_{N}\in V^{N}}
\|u-v_{N}\|_{\infty},$ where $u_{N}$ is the SDFEM
approximation in linear finite element space $V^{N}$ of the exact
solution $u$. Finally several optimal convergence results for the
standard FEM and the new SDFEM are obtained and an open question
about the optimal choice of the monitor function for the moving grid
method is answered.