Coincidences of two given maps f , g (between smooth manifolds M and N, of dimensions m and n, resp.) are points x in M where f(x) = g(x). The obstruction to removing such coincidences can be measured by certain minimum numbers. In this lecture we compare them to four distinct types of Nielsen numbers. These agree with the classical Nielsen number when m = n (e. g. in the fixed point setting where M = N and one of the maps is the identity map). However, in higher codimensions m - n > 0 their definitions and computations involve distinct aspects of differential topology and homotopy theory. We develop tools which help us 1.) to decide when a minimum number is equal to a Nielsen number ("Wecken theorem"), and 2.) to determine Nielsen numbers. Failures of the Wecken property can have very interesting geometric consequences. The selfcoincidence case where the two maps are homotopic turns out to be particularly illuminating. We give many concrete applications in special settings where M or N are spheres, spherical space forms, projective spaces, tori, Stiefel manifolds or Grassmannians. Already in the simplest examples an important role is played e. g. by Kervaire invariants, all versions of Hopf invariants (`a la James, Hilton, Ganea,. . . ), and the elements in the stable homotopy of spheres defined by invariantly framed Lie groups.