The Interface of Mathematics and Physics 1967-2007

Speaker: 

Institute Professor Isadore Singer

Institution: 

M.I.T.

Time: 

Thursday, January 17, 2008 - 3:30pm

Location: 

RH 101

I'll begin with the Battelle Rencontre "Lectures in Mathematics and Physics" (Seattle, 1967) and end with S-duality as reflected in Mirror Symmetry and in the Electric-Magnetic Duality connection with the Geometric Langlands Program. In between will be a guided tour of special moments in the interaction of mathematicians and high energy theorists: gauge theory and fibre bundles, instantons and index theory, string theory and Calabi-Yau manifolds.

Dynamics of wave and ice interaction in the marginal ice zone of the Bering Sea

Speaker: 

Professor Jun Yu

Institution: 

University of Vermont

Time: 

Monday, March 31, 2008 - 4:00pm

Location: 

MSTB 254

We have study the coupled ocean-ice dynamics in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) in the Bering Sea. First, sea ice motion and deformation have been analyzed using the high resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Segmentation techniques and statistical methods have been used to derive ice motion and deformation maps. These techniques involve a dynamic local thresholding (DLT), which allows separation of sea ice into different classes of thickness and type. We observed two ice motion characteristics with one consisting of a translation and a rotation at scale larger than about 10km/day and the other being ice field deformations at spatial scale less than about 5km. The results were compared with low-resolution values derived from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E) data for consistency. In addition, we implemented a two-dimensional coupled ice-ocean model (with wave effects incorporated) and made a direct comparison between the model and remote sensing results. Preliminary results on the effects of waves on ice cover were also obtained.

Stability and Constant Scalar Curvature Metrics in Kahler Geometry: analytic methods

Speaker: 

Professor Duong Phong

Institution: 

Columbia

Time: 

Wednesday, February 20, 2008 - 3:00pm

Location: 

MSTB 254

We discuss some recent developments in the problem of Khler metrics of constant scalar curvature and stability in geometric invariant theory. In particular, we discuss various notions of stability, both finite and infinite-dimensional, and various analytic methods for the problem. These include estimates for energy functionals, density of states and Tian-Yau-Zelditch and Lu asymptotic expansions, geometric heat flows, and both a priori estimates and pluripotential theory for the complex Monge-Ampre equation.

Stability and Constant Scalar Curvature Metrics in Kahler Geometry: a survey

Speaker: 

Professor Duong Phong

Institution: 

Columbia

Time: 

Tuesday, February 19, 2008 - 4:00pm

Location: 

MSTB 254

We discuss some recent developments in the problem of Khler metrics of constant scalar curvature and stability in geometric invariant theory. In particular, we discuss various notions of stability, both finite and infinite-dimensional, and various analytic methods for the problem. These include estimates for energy functionals, density of states and Tian-Yau-Zelditch and Lu asymptotic expansions, geometric heat flows, and both a priori estimates and pluripotential theory for the complex Monge-Ampre equation.

Some recent results on the two-layer quasi-geostrophic beta plane equations.

Speaker: 

Professor Lee Panetta

Institution: 

Texas A & M University

Time: 

Friday, January 11, 2008 - 4:00pm

Location: 

MSTB 254

The two-layer beta-plane quasi-geostrophic (QG) model plays a central role in theoretical studies of atmospheric and oceanic dynamics. It is a pair of coupled non-linear partial differential equations involving functions of two space variables and one time variable (streamfunctions for coupled two-dimensional flows). Solutions represent flows in a sense intermediate between 2-d and 3-d flows: they have a mild form of the ``vortex stretching'' process, absent in 2-d flows, that is at the heart of the difficulty in proving the long-time existence of classical solutions to the
3-d Navier-Stokes equations.

Numerical solutions to these QG equations display analogues of important features of atmospheric and oceanic flow, some of which I will illustrate. As is true of climate models, many interesting features are revealed only by long time averaging of the numerical solutions. The results I will present, on long-time existence of regular solutions and on dissipativity,
are part of an effort to provide a rigorous justification for this averaging, something beyond our reach in the case of the vastly more complicated climate models.

The talk will place the model in the context of other QG models, point out a useful formal similarity to the Kuramoto-Sivishinsky equation, and sketch proofs of the main results. The work is joint with C. Foias, C. Onica, E. Titi, and M. Ziane.

Some recent results on the two-layer quasi-geostrophic beta plane equations.

Speaker: 

Professor Lee Panetta

Institution: 

Texas A & M University

Time: 

Friday, January 11, 2008 - 4:00pm

Location: 

MSTB 254

The two-layer beta-plane quasi-geostrophic (QG) model plays a central role in theoretical studies of atmospheric and oceanic dynamics. It is a pair of coupled non-linear partial differential equations involving functions
of two space variables and one time variable (streamfunctions for coupled two-dimensional flows). Solutions represent flows in a sense intermediate between 2-d and 3-d flows: they have a mild form of the ``vortex stretching'' process, absent in 2-d flows, that is at the heart of the difficulty in proving the long-time existence of classical solutions to the 3-d Navier-Stokes equations. Numerical solutions to these QG equations display analogues of important
features of atmospheric and oceanic flow, some of which I will illustrate. As is true of climate models, many interesting features are revealed only by long time averaging of the numerical solutions. The results I will present, on long-time existence of regular solutions and on dissipativity, are part of an effort to provide a rigorous justification for this averaging, something beyond our reach in the case of the vastly more complicated climate models.

The talk will place the model in the context of other QG models, point out a useful formal similarity to the Kuramoto-Sivishinsky equation, and sketch proofs of the main results. The work is joint with C. Foias, C. Onica, E. Titi, and M. Ziane.

Lines and asymptotic lines of projective varieties

Speaker: 

Professor Joseph Landsberg

Institution: 

Texas A&M University

Time: 

Tuesday, June 3, 2008 - 4:00pm

Location: 

MSTB 254

Let $X^n\subset \Bbb C\Bbb P^{n+1}$ be a hypersurface defined as the zero set of a degree $d$ polynomial with $d\leq n$. Such hypersurfaces have lines through each point $x\in X$. Let $\mathcal C_x\subset \Bbb P(T_xX)$ denote the set of tangent directions to lines on $X$ passing through $x$. Jun-Muk Hwang asked how $\mathcal C_x$ varies as one varies $x$. The answer turns out to be interesting, with two natural exterior differential systems governing the motion. In addition to describing these EDS and some immediate consequences, I will also discuss applications to questions in computational complexity and algebraic geometry. This is joint work with C. Robles.

Elliptic divisibility sequences

Speaker: 

Marco Streng

Institution: 

Leiden University

Time: 

Thursday, January 17, 2008 - 2:50pm

Location: 

MSTB 254

Elliptic divisibility sequences arise as sequences of
denominators of the integer multiples of a rational point on an elliptic
curve. Silverman proved that almost every term of such a sequence has a
primitive divisor (i.e. a prime divisor that has not appeared as a
divisor of earlier terms in the sequence). If the elliptic curve has
complex multiplication, then we show how the endomorphism ring can be
used to index a similar sequence and we prove that this sequence also
has primitive divisors. The original proof fails in this context and
will be replaced by an inclusion-exclusion argument and sharper
diophantine estimates.

Prime densities for linear recurrent sequences

Speaker: 

Professor Peter Stevenhagen

Institution: 

Leiden University

Time: 

Thursday, January 17, 2008 - 2:00pm

Location: 

MSTB 254

Given an integer sequence X={x_n}_n, a natural question is to
`quantify' the number of primes dividing at least one non-zero
term of the sequence. For most naturally occurring sequences this is a
hard question, and usually we only have conjectures.
We will show that in the case of second order linear recurrent sequences,
the set of prime divisors has a natural density that, at least in principle,
can be computed exactly.

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