There is a unique line through 2 points in the plane, and a unique conic through 5. These counts generalize to a count of degree d rational curves in the plane passing through 3d-1 points. Surprisingly, the problem of determining these numbers is connected to mathematical physics, and it was not until the 1990's that it was completely solved. For example, Kontsevich determined them with a celebrated recursive formula. Such formulas are valid when you allow your curves to be defined with complex coefficients. Some of the solutions may be real, or integral, or defined over Q[i], but the fixed count does not see the difference. Homotopy theory on the other hand, studies continuous deformations of maps. In its modern form, it provides a framework to study shape in many contexts, including the motivic homotopy of algebraic varieties. This talk will introduce some interactions of homotopy theory with the arithmetic of solutions to enumerative problems in geometry. We will use this to completely determine an enriched "count" of degree d rational curves passing through 3d-1 points over an arbitrary field of characteristic not 2 or 3. This enumeration is joint work with Erwan Brugallé and Johannes Rau.
I intend to give a true introduction, accessible to beginning graduate students, to the topics in the title: what is tropical geometry? What is a moduli space? And how can one be used to study the other? Then I'll discuss some aspects of joint work with Francis Brown, Søren Galatius, and Sam Payne, in which we identify a Hopf algebraic structure on the weight 0 subspace of the compactly supported cohomology of the moduli space of abelian varieties and deduce a number of consequences.
The famous Calderón problem consists in determining the conductivity of a medium by making voltage and current measurements at
the boundary. We consider in this talk a nonlocal analog of this problem. Nonlocal operators arise in many situations where long term
interactions play a role. The fractional Laplace is a prototype of a nonlocal operator. We will survey some of the main results on inverse problems associated with the fractional Laplacian showing that the nonlocality helps for the inverse problems.
Abstract: The study of regularity of the Cauchy-Riemann (d-bar) equation in several complex variables has a long history. In this colloquium, we will present several recent results on the d-bar problem. A common scheme for these solutions is to reproduce differential forms via integral representations. We will explain how the Stein and Rychkov extension operators for function spaces can be used to construct integral formulas. As an application, we will show that the integral representations can be used to study the stability of small deformation of complex structures on domains in a complex manifold.
Hessenberg varieties are subvarieties of flag varieties invented in the early 1990s by de Mari and Shayman. De Mari and Shayman were motivated by questions in applied linear algebra, but, very quickly, people realized that Hessenberg varieties are very interesting objects of study from the point of view of algebraic groups.
I got interested in Hessenberg varieties because of their connection to questions in combinatorics, in particular, the Stanley-Stembridge conjecture. I'll explain this conjecture, now a theorem due to Hikita, and I will explain some of my work with Tim Chow, which resolved a conjecture of Shareshian and Wachs connecting Hessenberg varieties directly to Stanley-Stembridge. (I'll also try to say a few words about Hikita's work and the very exciting state the field is in now.) Then I'll explain joint work with Escobar, Hong, Lee, Lee, Mellit and Sommers on the moduli of Hessenberg varieties.
The ideas of quantum physics have had a huge impact on the development of mathematics, all its fields have been influenced. Many notions have emerged, such as quantum groups and algebras, quantum calculus, many special functions. Numbers, the most elementary and ancient concept at the heart of mathematics since the Babylonians, should also have their place in the quantum landscape. This talk is an elementary and accessible overview of the emerging theory of quantum numbers, including motivations, first results, and the connection to other parts of mathematics.
Who doesn't like one of these three: geometry, topology, and combinatorics? Sperner's lemma, a combinatorial statement that is equivalent to the Brouwer fixed point theorem in topology, is amazing and powerful. I'll explain why, give heartwarming old and new proofs, and present some generalizations to polytopes that has surprised me with diverse applications: to the study of triangulations, to fair division problems, and the Game of Hex.
Recall that a square matrix P is called a projection matrix if P^2 = P. It makes sense to talk about projection matrices with coefficients in any commutative ring; the image of a projection matrix is called a projective module. This seemingly innocuous notion intercedes in geometric questions in the same spirit as the famous Hodge conjecture because of Serre's dictionary: projective modules are ``vector bundles''. If X is a smooth complex affine variety, we can consider the rings of algebraic or holomorphic functions on X. Which of the holomorphic vector bundles on X admit an algebraic structure? I will discuss recent progress on these questions, using motivic homotopy theory, and based on joint work with Tom Bachmann and Mike Hopkins.
Holomorphic Dynamics (in a narrow sense) is the theory of the iteration of rational maps on the Riemann sphere. It was founded in the classical work by Fatou and Julia around 1918. After about 60 years of stagnation, it was revived in the 1980s, bringing together deep ideas from Conformal and Hyperbolic Geometry, Teichmüller Theory, the Theory of Kleinian Groups, Hyperbolic Dynamics and Ergodic Theory, and Renormalization Theory from physics, illustrated with beautiful computer-generated pictures of fractal sets (such as various Julia sets and the Mandelbrot set). We will highlight some landmarks of this story.
The search for an ultimate axiomatization of mathematics is inevitably incomplete. However, this does not preclude the possibility of strong and natural extensions to the standard axioms of set theory (ZFC) which shed light on many unresolved mathematical questions. Gödel suggested searching for strong axioms of infinity (known as large cardinals) as potential candidates for such extensions -- a pursuit that has continued for over half a century. This talk will survey several central developments in this search, including results concerning finite graphs, questions about Lebesgue measurability of projective sets of reals, the inner model program, and current efforts toward identifying an "ultimate" model of set theory via canonical inner models.